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AbstractPartnerships have long been presented as transformative and effective mechanisms to overcome challenges linked to the global governance of development. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and SDG 17 call for intensified involvement and engagement of partnerships in sustainable development, formalizing a role specifically for multi‐stakeholder partnerships (MSPs). In this context, transnational MSPs that enmesh public and private to finance development, continue to flourish as a hybrid model of governance. This paper seeks to critically assess the accountability issues linked to channelling development financing through transnational MSPs using an accountability matrix, based on responsibility, answerability and enforceability, applicable to the system‐level development cooperation/aid frameworks as well as to MSPs. The article then evaluates the accountability challenges and shortcomings arising from MSPs as development financing actors resulting in diffused responsibility, limited answerability and weak enforceability. Finally, the article outlines a research agenda and Policy recommendations to improve the accountability of MSPs when they finance development.

AbstractThe strategic geographical situation of ASEAN waters, making this area often misused as a transportation method by the perpetrators of transnational organized crimes (TOC). Most cases are people smuggling, human trafficking, illicit drugs and even slavery. Recently, it is found that those crimes are often committed in one vessel accompanying illegal fishing. ASEAN countries are state parties to the Palermo Convention on Trans Organized Crimes and its protocols. In addition, they also bound with regional legal instruments such as on human trafficking, counter terrorism and mutual legal assistance. Nonetheless, crimes do not stop. Cases are often settled by diplomatic measures instead of law enforcement by the spirit of ASEAN Way. This brings vagueness and confusion among law enforcement officers, should ASEAN Way neglect the rule of law? Hence, the objective of the research is to examine the situation and give recommendations on legal models in the prevention and law enforcement of TOC within ASEAN waters. The author compared the EU's legal system and mechanism in combating the crimes within regional perspective. Research found that political approach is somehow prevailing by the virtue of ASEAN Way. Furthemore, this ASEAN Way seems to justify the weakness of ASEAN Countries in law enforcement in preventing as well as combating TOC in ASEAN waters. Although the EU is not an apple to apple regional organisation compared with ASEAN, they have similar legal framework and mechanism to combat TOC. Hence, we can be optimistic that the rule of law in ASEAN should be prioritized and not contravene with ASEAN Way. Keywords: ASEAN Way, law enforcement, regional cooperation, rule of law, trans-national organized crimes. AbstrakLokasi geografis perairan negara-negara ASEAN yang strategis seringkali disalahgunakan oleh para pelaku kejahatan transnasional terorganisir sebagai media transportasi. Berbagai kejahatan yang terjadi di wilayah perairan ini diantaranya penyelundupan manusia, perdagangan manusia, penyelundupan narkotika, penyelundupan flora fauna langka yang dilindungi dan bahkan perbudakan. Dalam perkembangannya ditemukan fakta bahwa kejahatan-kejahatan tersebut tidak berdiri sendiri melainkan dilakukan bersamaan dengan penangkap ikan ilegal. Negara-negara ASEAN adalah pihak terhadap Konvensi Palermo tentang Kejahatan Terorganisir dan protokol-protokol yang menyertainya. Artinya, mereka terikat dengan kewajiban untuk mengimplementasikan instrumen tersebut diantaranya dalam tindakan pencegahan dan penegakan hukum. Selain itu, negara-negara ASEAN juga terikat dengan berbagai instrumen regional misalnya terkait perdagangan manusia, terorisme dan bantuan timbal balik. Namun kejahatan masih terus terjadi. Berbagai kasus diselesaikan secara diplomatis dilandasi semangat ASEAN Way daripada penegakan hukum. Hal ini menimbulkan ketidakjelasan dan kebingungan di antara para penegak hukum, apakah semangat ASEAN Way lebih diutamakan daripada penegakkan hukum? Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi situasi yang terjadi dan menganalisanya guna memperoleh masukan berupa model terbaik dalam rangka pencegahan dan penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan transnasional terorganisir. Penulis melakukan perbandingan dengan kerangka hukum dan mekanisme di EU untuk mengambil praktik terbaik. Hasil riset menyatakan bahwa pendekatan politis lebih diutamakan di ASEAN atas landasan ASEAN Way. Sehingga hal ini seolah menjadi pembenaran bagi lemahnya perlindungan dan penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan transnasional terorganisir oleh negara-negara di ASEAN. Meskipun EU dapat dianggap bukan pembanding yang seimbang, namun EU memiliki kemiripan kerangka hukum dan mekanisme dengan ASEAN dalam pencegahan dan penanganan TOC. Oleh karenanya, penulis optimis bahwa pendekatan hukum perlu diprioritaskan dan hal ini tidak bertentangan dengan ASEAN Way. Kata kunci: ASEAN Way, kejahatan di laut, kejahatan transnasional terorganisir, kerjasama regional, penegakan hukum, rule of law.

This article explores the operationalization of transnational habitus by scholars to understand how individuals experience mobilities across borders. Our scoping study of 21 scholarly publications focuses on the various ways in which transnational habitus is defined as well as the different approaches to theorizing a transnational habitus. In critically mapping the relatively short history of transnational habitus, we are interested in what about habitus appears particularly generative to scholars interested in migratory experiences. The study first charts the sociological scholarship to date on transnational habitus and how it is used to understand the ways in which transnational migrants negotiate and navigate their social and cross-border mobilities. Then, to critically appraise these theorizations, the analysis focuses on two key trends in the literature: treatment of clivé/adaptation and the role of time(lag)/temporality before addressing two key silences in the use of transnational habitus – specifically gender and consideration of differences in class background.

In the context of the academic interest shown in the enduring transnation-alism of contemporary migrants and in the modes of transitions to adulthood in different global settings, in this article we examine the transnational lives of adolescents moving between Vancouver (Canada) and Hong Kong. While there is a lot of literature on the parents' political and economic calculations, there is very little on how adolescents in these situations articulate their geographical sensibilities. We draw on three periods of fieldwork undertaken in 2002, 2008 and 2010 during which we employed a transnational methodology to interview young people in Vancouver and Hong Kong. We argue that becoming an adult involves a process in which, in their discussions about the geographical and emotional distance between themselves and their families, young people articulate their own complex emotions towards specific places in their transnational social field. Their families sporadically interrupt the adolescents' otherwise independent lives with fragmented modes of supervision. By examining the complex intentions and emotions behind circular migration from the perspective of transnational youth in a community of split families, we advance the discussion on transnational geographies, particularly of the family in the context of a flexible global economy.

AbstractIn the context of the academic interest shown in the enduring transnationalism of contemporary migrants and in the modes of transitions to adulthood in different global settings, in this article we examine the transnational lives of adolescents moving between Vancouver (Canada) and Hong Kong. While there is a lot of literature on the parents' political and economic calculations, there is very little on how adolescents in these situations articulate their geographical sensibilities. We draw on three periods of fieldwork undertaken in 2002, 2008 and 2010 during which we employed a transnational methodology to interview young people in Vancouver and Hong Kong. We argue that becoming an adult involves a process in which, in their discussions about the geographical and emotional distance between themselves and their families, young people articulate their own complex emotions towards specific places in their transnational social field. Their families sporadically interrupt the adolescents' otherwise independent lives with fragmented modes of supervision. By examining the complex intentions and emotions behind circular migration from the perspective of transnational youth in a community of split families, we advance the discussion on transnational geographies, particularly of the family in the context of a flexible global economy.

This paper examines the role of transnational higher education in reproducing local patterns of disadvantage in Hong Kong. Specifically, it considers the expectations and experiences of local students undertaking British degree programmes, drawing on the findings of a recent qualitative research project. In this paper, we argue that through the introduction of so-called 'top-up' programmes, British universities are providing degree-level education to students unable to access local higher education (HE) in Hong Kong through the 'traditional' route. Drawing upon our interviews with students and graduates, we show the immense cultural and social expectations, placed upon young people in Hong Kong, to obtain a university degree, and the role of 'international' education in (partially) offsetting the shortfall in domestic university places. However, we also suggest that these students/graduates are in various ways relatively disadvantaged by these degrees - they often have less cultural capital and social capital on which to draw, and find that their degrees are less valued than their local equivalent. There are broader implications of our findings for understanding the role of transnational educational provision in localised reproduction of (dis)advantage, especially in East Asia.